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Proposed US rule barring China science collaboration sparks outcry from US scientists_我的网站

A | 1月10日，路透社报道称，大众和福特将于下周宣布一个更深入的联盟，该联盟将超越商用车，为汽车制造商开发新技术节省数十亿美元。    

    China US Photo:VCGAmerican scientists have voiced opposition to a proposed rule which seeks to ban federal funding for US science collaboration with China, saying that it would instead hurt US interest, the Washington Post reported on Tuesday. Chinese experts also warned that the slew of US restrictions on China-US scientific cooperation is unlikely to deal a fatal blow to China's scientific development, but could instead backfire on the US.
The proposed Office of Management and Budget (OMB) rule, set to take effect in December, would mark one of the biggest overhauls of US science funding in decades, giving political appointees greater authority over grant awards previously guided by scientific peer review and requiring that they "advance the President's policy priorities," according to the Washington Post. 
It would also effectively expand the 2011 Wolf Amendment, which bars scientists from using NASA funding for bilateral collaborations with China, to all federal agencies and scientists receiving federal funds, marking the largest break in US-China scientific engagement in decades, the US media outlet reported.
So far, the proposed rule has garnered nearly half a million public comments, many from scientists and leading US science bodies. A Washington Post analysis of 50,000 of those comments found that around 88 percent were negative.
The rule, initially set to take effect in October, was pushed back to December after a bipartisan stopgap funding bill temporarily halted its adoption. Unlike the Wolf Amendment, the rule does not require congressional approval to take effect.
"I do think there are still members of Congress who think we have a monopoly on knowledge. They think we're still in the Cold War Soviet era ... where we were ahead in most areas of science and technology. That is not the case with China. We are no longer the leader in many areas of science," said Tobin Smith, senior vice president for government relations and public policy at the Association for American Universities, which advocates on behalf of leading US research universities, per the Washington Post.
Scientists warn that the rule risks subjecting long-term scientific research to four-year political cycles. "We will not succeed if with every new administration we are ping-ponging back and forth about priorities," the American Association for the Advancement of Science said in a blistering comment, urging the administration to withdraw the rule. "Fast-tracking such profound changes ... hands an easy victory to nations like China," it said, the Washington Post reported.
This reflects a fundamental divide between the US government and the scientific community over how science should develop, Wang Yiwei, a professor at Renmin University of China's School of International Studies, told the Global Times. He noted that politicians tend to believe that suppressing China as a competitor would allow the US to preserve its market dominance and technological edge. 
Scientists, however, tend to follow a different logic, as scientific progress depends on openness, exchanges and collaboration. If science and technology are driven solely by competition and private capital, with the ultimate goal of maintaining technological monopolies, this could create greater risks and ultimately undermine US interests as well, Wang said. 
The proposed rule change is the latest salvo in a broader battle in Washington over how to respond to China's rise as a scientific superpower. In July, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) also moved to ban collaborations between scientist it funds and many Chinese research institutions and their employees, according to Science magazine. 
Liu Shaoshan, director of the Center for Embodied AI at the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society and a former US-based researcher, told the Global Times in a previous interview that the NSF's new proposed rules created a "talent wall," arguing that restrictions based on nationality, institutional affiliation, and research partnerships could reduce the global talent pool available to the US, weaken its ability to attract leading scientists, and slow scientific innovation. 
Liu also said scientific advancement relies not only on discovery but also on the exchange, validation, and dissemination of knowledge.
Wang also said China has built significant strengths through its vast pool of scientists and engineers, complete industrial chains and massive application scenarios, while increasingly moving from application-oriented innovation toward original research. Against this backdrop, US technological blockades and restrictions on cooperation are unlikely to halt China's progress, but could instead isolate American scientists from China's latest research and collaboration opportunities. Such an approach could also prevent the two countries from leveraging their respective strengths and ultimately undermine US competitiveness, Wang said.
。福特和大众一直在寻求更密切的合作，因为汽车制造商被迫重新考虑他们的汽车在欧洲、美国和中国的位置，许多软件技术公司正准备推出他们自己的自动驾驶汽车。”一位知情人士说：“（两家公司）预计将宣布全球联盟。”他补充说，该协议将于下周二在底特律车展上宣布。这两家公司此前曾表示，任何联盟都不会涉及合并或股权。这一不断扩大的联盟突显出全球所有汽车制造商面临的压力越来越大，这些制造商要求他们管理开发电动汽车和自动驾驶汽车的成本，以及满足未来几年销售的数百万台内燃机更严格排放标准所需的技术。中国和美国这两个全球最大的汽车市场增长放缓，加大了削减成本的压力。据知情人士透露，该联盟的范围仍在电动汽车和自动驾驶仪领域的合作谈判过程中。

B | ”谈判进展顺利，”一位知情人士说。该人士补充说，该联盟框架将包括整合自动驾驶技术和大众的资源，以投资福特的汽车业务，以及福特授权的大众的MEB电动汽车平台。知情人士说，当两家公司下周宣布成立商用车联盟时，他们还将表示，他们即将达成一项涉及自动驾驶和电动汽车的交易。大众汽车的高管们表示，他们希望能在福特的工厂里找到福特的商用货车和游骑兵中型皮卡，并生产汽车。

C | 福特周三重申，它一直在与公众讨论在许多领域进行合作的可能性。”福特在一份声明中说：“现在披露更多细节还为时过早。”我们期待尽快分享最新消息。”福特股价周三下午上涨3.9%，至8.70美元。大众汽车股价上涨2.4%，至146.48欧元。今年6月，福特和大众宣布了一项商用车协议，包括一辆面包车，并补充说，他们正在调查“几个联合项目”。去年12月，大众汽车首席执行官赫伯特·迪泽（Herbert Dease）表示：“我们正在与福特进行深入的谈判和对话，以真正建立一个全球汽车联盟，这也将加强美国汽车工业。”当时，福特汽车公司执行主席比尔·福特（Bill Ford Jr.）表示，与大众汽车就联盟进行的谈判正在进行中。“非常顺利”。戴斯公开谈论大众希望通过潜在联盟实现的节约和效率。大众汽车的高管们一再强调，使电动汽车成为大众市场产品的唯一途径是通过规模经济，使消费者能够像燃料汽车一样负担得起。自2017年5月福特首席执行官吉姆•哈克特（Jim Hackett）从马克•菲尔德（Mark Field）手中接掌权力以来，他被命令加快决策速度并降低成本，与大众汽车的联盟一直是他最大的赌注。一些分析师和投资者对福特股价的低迷表现和对110亿美元重组计划的细节缺乏感到失望。福特高管称，商用车项目“立即”进行，并讨论了更广泛的合作将如何使美国第二大汽车制造商减少不同车型的生产，降低制造、工程和采购成本。该联盟将帮助福特实现到2020年将全球税前利润率翻番至8%的目标，高于2018年第三季度的4.4%。2018年7月，福特成立了一个独立的部门来发展其自动驾驶业务，并正在寻找外部投资者，这类似于通用汽车的自动驾驶部分巡航自动控制方法。福特随后表示，到2023年，将向新的福特汽车驾驶有限责任公司投资40亿美元，其中包括分配给阿尔戈艾的10亿美元，后者是2017年收购的匹兹堡汽车驾驶初创公司。福特预计将于2021年推出自动驾驶仪，届时，为自动驾驶仪设计的新车辆结构预计将就绪。底特律车展将于1月14日至27日举行。

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Published on:04:20:15